Approximately 25% of all adult sepsis cases are urosepsis, and urinary tract infection has been identified as the source in approximately 10% to 30% of all severe sepsis or septic shock cases (Wagenlehner, Weidner, & Naber, 2007). Mortality rates for patients with urosepsis range from 25% to 60% (Ackermann & Monroe, 1996; Meyers et al., 1989; Rosser, Bare, & Meredith, 1999).

Complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most frequent cause of sepsis in older adults above 65 years of age (Kalra & Raizada, 2009). These complex infections occur in patients with anatomical or functional abnormalities, which impede urine flow, or in immunosuppressed individuals, and usually precede urosepsis.